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投稿论文时的利益冲突声明与类型

道德诚信是维护健康、良性的学术环境之重要基础。身处信息爆炸的数字电子时代,维护研究发表制度的透明性与可信性,是每个学术人的责任。提高发表制度的透明度与正当性使我们能够有效地分享重要资讯,从而提高对学术知识的理解能力。

因此,论文作者有义务披露所有利益冲突并要避免潜在问题。

利益冲突是什么?

利益冲突指的是一个人因为种种关系,无法站在客观立场上处理事情的情况。明显的利益冲突来自于潜在的金钱回馈或个人利益,像是如职业利益和人脉网络。不过,表面上看似正常的事情也可能引发研究项目诚信问题的争议。举例来说,有一个人,他没有任何控制实验设计或影响实验材料供给的权力,但他刚好是该研究项目实验材料供应商的好朋友,并且他没有阐述他与供应商的个人关系,那么这样的研究结果也可能被怀疑。即使这个人也没有任何影响研究实验的权限,但他却因为没有主动告知潜在的利益冲突,这就可能会引起其他人的不满。大家可能会想 「为什么他不表明他跟这些人有私人关系呢? 如果没怎么样的话,也不需要隐瞒啊」。

如果有上方的例子发生,其实也不太会引发任何道德问题,因为例子中的主角并没有任何实权影响研究实验。其实即使存在利益冲突,也不代表一定有任何不诚信的事情发生。 然而,不舒服的感觉能强烈地影响人们的观感。因此,研究员应仔细阅读有关潜在利益冲突的披露适用的规则。

最后,必须提醒任何涉及到人类受试者的研究主题,都必须确保参与者拥有充分的时间来决定是否参与实验。未做到揭露潜在冲突是非常不道德的。

你有义务揭露什么?

根据出版伦理委员会(Committee on Publication Ethics, COPE) 的推荐,期刊都拥有相当明确的政策规范利益冲突 并且当利益冲突存在时,作者必须向期刊编辑表明,期刊编辑则表明相关的利益冲突让读者知道。因此,许多的期刊都会要求作者在投稿时,一并提供利益冲突的声明conflict of interest statement。当你不太确定这是不是一个必须揭露的利益冲突时,最好让期刊知道,让期刊决定这些是否必须涵盖进去。

可能会引起利益冲突的各种范例已经列在下方的「可能引起潜在利益冲突的关系类型」

利益冲突声明需涵盖的资讯

Cover letter可使用的声明: “To the best of our knowledge, the named authors have no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.”

Article footnotes可使用的声明: “All authors have [completed the XXX disclosure form] and declare that: (i) no support, financial or otherwise, has been received from any organization that may have an interest in the submitted work ; and (ii) there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.”

注意: 相关的科学研究与伦理审查委员会(IRB)可能会要求作者必须要论文中写进特定的声明字句,请确保都有遵守这些要求。

可使用的声明: Informed consent has been obtained from all patients included in this study.

[1] Sources of support for the work, including sponsor names along with explanations of the role of those sources if any in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; the decision to submit the report for publication; or a statement declaring that the supporting source had no such involvement; and

[2] Whether the authors had access to the study data, with an explanation of the nature and extent of access, including whether access is on-going.

[3] To support the above statements, editors may request that authors of a study sponsored by a funder with a proprietary or financial interest in the outcome sign a statement, such as “I had full access to all of the data in this study and I take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.”

Suggested language: Author A receives research support/consulting fees from [sponsor name]; a detailed listing of Author A’s financial disclosures is available at [website]; Author B has equity in [organization] and serves on the board of directors [organization]; a detailed listing of Author B’s financial disclosures is available at [website]. No other author has reported a potential conflict of interest relevant to this article.

可能引起潜在利益冲突的关系类型

以下是应披露的利益冲突类型,内容并没有涵盖所有的情况,指示提供给研究员了解可能有潜在利益冲突可能的情况。

额外信息:

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