Semi Colon ( ; ) 英语里的分号使用方法
英语里的分号用来分离句子，效用比句号还要弱。
1. 句中已经使用逗号，想要分离单词或句子时使用
I bought shiny, ripe apples; small, sweet, juicy grapes; and firm pears.
Mary’s favorite dinner foods are chicken, with Cayenne pepper; salad, with Italian dressing; toast, with garlic and butter; and soup, with scallions, cheese, and mushrooms.
The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.
2. 合并句子时使用
I went to the grocery store today. I bought a ton of fruit. Apples, grapes, and pears were on sale. ->
I went to the grocery store today; I bought a ton of fruit. Apples, grapes, and pears were all on sale.
I went to the grocery store today. I bought a ton of fruit; apples, grapes, and pears were all on sale.
3. 分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下，使用分号比句点更显之间的紧密联系。
I realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it.
3. 有however、for example、thus、 however、 therefore的时候，使用分号
Mary ate dinner; however, she was hungry an hour later.
Mary’s dinner was made with several spices; for example, the chicken was sprinkled with Cayenne pepper.
Colon ( : ) 英语里的冒号使用方法
冒号可以接在一个单独的句子后面，做额外说明使用，例如想要读者特别注意某些重点时或其他想法。
1. 介绍目录或使用名词, 名词子句, 引用句, 举例等情况时
- 列举: We covered many of the fundamentals in our writing class: grammar, punctuation, style, and voice.
- 写名词或名词句: My roommate gave me the things I needed most: companionship and quiet.
- 写引用句: Shakespeare said it best: “To thine own self be true.”
- 举例或说明: Many graduate students discover that there is a dark side to academia: late nights, high stress, and a crippling addiction to caffeinated beverages.
- 目录的额外说明: Mary’s dinner consisted of the following: salad, soup, chicken, and toast.
- 引用句的额外说明: The words Ivan spoke were very kind: “Mary, I made this dinner especially for you, dear.”
2. 合并句子时
总结或说明前一句时，可以使用分号，但两句必须是完整句子且有关联性。且时常使用分号可能有妨碍文章脉络的疑虑，需要注意。
Life is like a puzzle: half the fun is in trying to work it out.
3. 切分时间、 标题时
分号可以使用在切分时间的单位、比率或是章节
Hours and Minutes: Mary ate dinner at 9:12.
Ratio: Mary’s ratio of carbohydrate intake to protein was 3:1.
Bible verses and chapters (Matthew 2:24).
写参考文献时，列与参考文献时也使用分号。
Kurlansky, M. (2002). Salt: A world history. New York, NY: Walker and Co.
切分标题跟副标题时使用。
Everest: The Last Frontier
在正式的商业信件中，可以直接在招呼语后使用。 (较不正式的信件可以使用逗号即可)
Dear Editor:
冒号后的第一个单词须用大写吗?
如果是两个独立句子中间用分号连结，大小写没有差别，但如果是有从属关系的，后方句子必须小写。
延伸阅读
英文学术论文写作常见错误之标点符号
英语标点符号怎么用？一次学好连字号、括弧、引号等用法
英语标点符号(句号/问号/感叹号/逗号)正确用法
英语标点符号-牛津逗号(oxford comma)是什么？怎么用？
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