留学文书写作 | 完美Essay的基本结构

Essays写作根据不同文稿类型，有不一样的组成与模板要求，但要写出最安全不出错的ESSAY，有几个是永恒不变的准则，只要你能成功的论证并支持你的观点，这就可以说是一份好ESSAY。论证本来就没有对或错，只要选择一方并有效提出支持观点，就可以成为一篇好文章。

基本的ESSAY应该须包含五大部分:

开头
第一段
第二段
第三段
结论

段落长度和数量当然都可以自由变动，但是这样的组织架构就是一份完整ESSAY所需涵盖的顺序与内容。接下来看看我们针对各部分的解析：

开头

开头须包含一个开场句，开场句可以是一般与主题相关或引用其他人的话，也可以使用一些轶事或故事来引起读者兴趣。成功的开头句可以引诱读者进一步阅读文章。一旦过了介绍的内容之后，就可以写几句或直接切入主题。当你觉得已经准备好介绍这篇文章的具体重点时，就可以写出题目。论证题目通常出现在开头段落的最后一句，如果主题是关于一本书、作者或特定事件，则应该在这边提到全名，你也应该在这边列出你的论证观点和证据。基本上，论证观点就是essay整体的核心与开头段落的最后一句。

第一段

The Body Paragraph One should open with a transitional sentence. It should lead the reader into the first piece of evidence you use to support your thesis statement, your argument. It is essentially a mini-thesis for the paragraph. From the transitional /opening sentence, you can go on to cite evidence to support your argument. This evidence must all revolve around a single theme and should come in the form of a quotation (or factual information from a primary source). If you put too many different themes into one body paragraph, then the essay becomes confusing. Body Paragraph One will deal with one theme for your argument. You may have several pieces of evidence to support this one them, which is absolutely fine. Once you use a piece of evidence, be sure and write at least one or two sentences explaining why you use it. Then, wrap up the Body Paragraph with a mini-concluding sentence summing up only what you have discussed in that paragraph.

第二段

段落二顺序需与段落一雷同。选一个例子来论证你的观点并提出实例。同样地，必须在开头写上过渡性句子以承接上个段落至段落二。

第三段

段落三内容依循着段落一与二的模式写作，开头一样必须过渡性的句子以衔接上与下文。

结论

Your conclusion is a wrap-up of the entire essay. It takes your introduction and essentially says to the reader, “See, I told you so.” You should be writing your conclusion with the belief that you have proven everything you have set out to prove in your essay. You are allowed to be confident here, and you are even allowed to drop little extra pieces of information that make the reader think more than you previewed in the entire paper. It is also important to have a concluding mini-thesis in this paragraph. This statement is the closing tag-line, the “see what I just did” idea in every paper. An essay can be immaculately written, organized, and researched; however, without a conclusion, the reader is left dumbfounded, frustrated, confused.It is important to remember that this is a rough sketch by which to write your essays. If your topic is quite complicated, then you may have infinitely more evidentiary paragraphs than three. Furthermore, you can expand your individual themes, as well . You can write two or three paragraphs in support of “theme 1″ (or Body Paragraph One). The most important thing to remember here is consistency. If you have two or three paragraphs in support of one piece of evidence, then you should have the same amount of paragraphs in support of all sequential facts.
以上只是最基本的ESSAY组织，段落是代表ESSAY的支持论点，论点可以远多于三个。

I. 开头

Opening
Sentence
Anecdote
Quotation
Generalization
Explanation of opening, leading into Thesis Statement
Thesis Statement
Name, Title, Event
General argument
3+ reasons why your argument is true (3+ pieces of evidence)

II. 第一段

Opening Sentence (pertaining to Reason/Theme #1)
Explanation
Evidence A
Explanation of evidence A
Possible evidence B
Explanation of possible evidence B
Mini-conclusion only about Reason/Theme #1

III. 第二段

Transitional/ Opening Sentence (pertaining to Reason/Theme #2)
Explanation
Evidence C
Explanation of evidence D
Possible evidence E
Explanation of possible evidence #F
Mini-conclusion only about Reason/Theme #2

IV. 第三段

Transitional/Opening Sentence (pertaining to Reason/Theme #3)
Explanation
Evidence G
Explanation of evidence H
Possible evidence I
Explanation of possible evidence I
Mini-conclusion only about Reason/Theme #3

V. 结论

Transitional sentence wrapping up paper
Return to original anecdote/quotation/generalization
Reconfirm your argument, recounting how you have proven it
Write a mini-thesis, this time with more assertion
Possibly throw out a new idea (related to your thesis)
Optional

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