如何替换论文中的动词，让文章更吸引人?

学术圈对于写作规范，有时显得保守，但论文应该是同时兼具趣味与专业。然而考量到分秒必争的学术发表，每个人都焦虑地思考该如何提升发表机率。
首先，确认研究是否覆盖应有的内容，在论文中也详细解释，最后完善论文的质量。

1. 利用词云分析词汇

你可能有听过一个网站叫做Wordle，这是一个词云生产网站，点击「Create your own」并复制粘贴自己的论文就可以看到许多大大小小的单字出现，其中字越大的，代表出现次数频繁。

利用图像显示有助于分析读者容易读取到什么关键主题与重点，如果词云的结果显示出了你不想要着重的内容，建议你可以修改内容以确保读者能够正确吸收到你想要传递的重点信息。 *Wordle需要浏览器使用Java

为了让你对于词云更明确的概念，以下是我们利用Wordle分析我们英语博客中的一篇文章”How to Choose the Best title for Your Journal Manuscript.”

图片中特别大的字眼有「titles」、「journal」、「research」和「papers」，这些单字都正好是我们想强调的内容。

2. 研究相似论文中的字词使用模式

从目标投稿期刊发表的文章中找寻下载次数最多与被引用次数最多的来研究其语言模式。这样的挑选阅读可以帮助你更快了解该期刊编辑的偏好，因此你较能写出符合该期刊的文章风格。

另一个方法是利用Wordle分析目标投稿期刊发表的文章。复制贴上一篇跟你论文相关的文章并分析其字汇，就可以发现该文章常用到的句子跟用语。

举例来说，假设你的论文主题是抽烟与癌症的关联，你先找出最近发表的所有跟你研究相关的文章，尤其是目标投稿期刊的。同样的复制粘贴上Wordle，并看看那些特别显眼的单词，你的论文是否已经涵盖了相似的字汇呢?

利用上方的连结来做Wordle分析，其结果如下图:

3. 使用多一点主动与精准的动词

你了解过同义词吗？想必你是知道的。但你是否尝试过，不只是简单地替换单个词语，而是用更有力、更生动的表述来改写整个句子呢？要是你多使用主动语态，少用被动语态，就会发现完成这项任务会轻松许多。就算保留原来的句子结构，你在写草稿的时候，也能避开“be”这类较弱的动词，选择更加生动、精准的动作动词。不过，和以往一样，借助同义词词典找同义词时，得谨慎些。要确保所选的替代词符合上下文语境，让表达更有趣味性或者达到“完美”的效果。要是你不确定某个同义词是否适合替换你想替换的词，可以使用韦氏词典（Merriam-Webster）和剑桥词典等在线词典，查看整个短语在具体语境中的用法。（你还可以借助英文改写工具，获取改写和选择同义词的灵感。）

为了帮你积累学术论文中常用的表达方式，我们整理了一份同义词清单，供你在起草或修改研究论文时参考。

我们并不是建议你完全避开“原有字词/句子”列中的词语，而是建议你把这些词语和“推荐替代词”列中更有活力的词汇交替着使用。

A. 描述现行研究或先前的研究的范畴

目的	原有字词/句子	推荐替代词
To express the purpose of a paper or research This paper/ study/ investigation…	aims to	This paper + [use the verb that originally followed “aims to”] or This paper + (any other verb listed above as a substitute for “explain” ) + who/what/when/where/how X. For example: “This paper applies X to Y,” instead of, “This paper aims to apply X to Y.” “This paper explores how lower sun exposure impacts moods,” instead of, “This paper aims to address the impact of lower sun exposure on moods.”
To introduce the topic of a project or paper The paper/ study/ article/ work… Prior research/ investigations…	discusses presents	surveys questions highlights outlines features investigates
To describe the analytical scope of a paper or study The paper/ study/ article/ work… Prior research/ investigations…	considers analyzes explains	evaluates interprets clarifies identifies delves into advances appraises defines dissects probes tests explores *Adjectives to describe degree can include: briefly, thoroughly, adequately, sufficiently, inadequately, insufficiently, only partially, partially, etc.
To preview other sections of a paper Section X…	covers deals with talks about	outlines highlights sketches assesses contemplates [any of the verbs suggested as replacements for “explain,” “analyze,” and “consider” above]

B. 概述主题背景

目的	原有字詞/句子	替换推荐
To discuss the historical significance of a topic Subject/ Mechanism…	plays an important in [nominalization] plays a vital role in [nominalization]	Topic significantly/considerably + influences controls regulates directs inhibits constrains governs + who/what/when/where/how… *In other words, take the nominalized verb and make it the main verb of the sentence.
To describe the historical popularity of a topic X Theory…	…is widely accepted as… …is widely used as…	Widely accepted, … [to eliminate the weak be verb] The preferred… Commonly/Frequently implemented,… [to eliminate the weak be verb] The prevailing method for…
To describe the recent focus on a topic	Much attention has been drawn to …has gained much importance in recent years	Discussions regarding X have dominated research in recent years. …has appealed to… …has propelled to the forefront in investigations of Y. … has dramatically/significantly shaped queries on X in recent years. …has critically influenced academic dialogue on Y.
To identify the current majority opinion about a topic	The consensus has been that…	Prior research generally confirms that… Several studies agree that… Prior research substantiates the belief that…
To discuss the findings of existing literature Previous studies…	indicate have documented have demonstrated have shown that	contend purport suggest proffer have proven that evidence
To express the breadth of our current knowledge-base, including gaps	Much is known about… But, little is known about…	The academic community has extensively explored X… Prior research has thoroughly investigated…. However, little research has been conducted to show… However, prior studies have failed to evaluate/ identify / (any other word suggested to replace “analyze” above)
To segue into expressing your research question	Several theories have been proposed to explain… To solve this problem, many researchers have tried several methods	Recent/Previous studies have promoted… Prior investigations have implemented/ queried diverse approaches to… A number of authors have posited…

C. 描述论文的分析要素

目的	原有字詞/句子	替换推荐
To express agreement between one finding and another This paper/ study/ investigation	supports	substantiates confirms corroborates underlines
To present contradictory findings This paper/ study/ investigation	calls into question	challenges disputes rebuts refutes disproves debunks invalidates rejects questions
To discuss limitations of a study	The limitations of this paper include:	These investigations, however, disregards… This method/ approach fails to… This study only… …falls short of addressing/ identifying / illustrating… A drawback/disadvantage of this framework is… This framework, however, solely pertains to…

D. 讨论结果

目的

原有字詞/句子

替换推荐

To draw inferences from results

The data…
These findings…

suggest
show

extrapolate
deduce
surmise
approximate
derive
extract
evidence

To describe observations

[Observed event or result]…

appeared
was observed to

manifested
surfaced
materialized
yielded
generated
perceived
detected

E. 讨论研究方法

目的

原有字詞/句子

替换推荐

To discuss methods

This study…
X method…

used
performed

applied
administered
employed
diffused
disseminated
relayed

To describe simulations

A simulation…

was created to…
was used to…
was performed to…

This study/ research…

simulated
replicated
imitated

“X environment/ condition to..”

[any of the verbs suggested as replacements for “analyze” above]

F. 解释新研究的影响

目的	原有字詞/句子	替换推荐
To explain the impact of a paper’s findings This paper/ study/ investigation	demonstrates shows	illustrates proves evidences strengthens (the position that)
To highlight a paper’s conclusion This paper/ study/ investigation	establishes proves	attributes illustrates advances (the idea that)
To explain how research contributes to the existing knowledge-base This paper/ study/ investigation	offers introduces	ushers in proffers conveys promotes advocates introduces broach (issue) reveals unveils exposes unearths

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