连词的使用规则

连词是用来连接单词、短语或从句的词。最常用的连词包括“and”、“but”和“or”。连词包括三种类型:并列连词, 从属连词, 关联连词

连词的种类

连词的种类 连词的作用 连词的例子

并列连词

连接在语法上对等的内容

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

从属连词

引出从属从句

because, if, although, since, until, and while

关联连词

成对出现,并连接在语法上对等的内容

either/or, neither/nor, not only/ but also

并列连词

并列连词连接在语法上对等的单词、短语或从句。常用的并列连词包括:for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so。 可以采用“F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.”这个便于记忆的词头拼接词记住上述七个并列连词。

Example
This study investigates the effects of Drug A and the placebo on the patients.
Example
You can choose to take the test or write an essay to pass the class.

当使用并列连词连接两个独立分句时,在并列连词前面要加逗号

Example
She was unhappy with the test results, yet she refused to take the test again.
Example
I have only been here for one week, so I know practically nothing.
错误
You should invite Mary, and Jane to the party.
正确
You should invite Mary and Jane to the party.

从属连词

从属连词可以把从句和主句连接起来。从属连词用来表示因果关系、对比、时间或地点的过渡或条件关系。最常用的从属连词包括:after, although, before, even though, if, in case, till, whenever, unless, while

表示因果关系

表示因果关系的从属连词包括:because, since, as, due to, as if

Example
I could not go to class because I did not feel good.
Example
Due to his poor attendance, the professor had to fail him.

表示对比关系

表示对比关系的从属连词包括:although, though, whether, while, even though

Example
While she plans to go to Paris for spring break, he plans to go to Tokyo.
Example
Although he is much younger than me, he is much smarter than most of my classmates.

表示条件关系

表示条件关系的从属连词包括:if, unless

Example
Unless you leave now, you will be late.
Example
If he decides to take the offer, he will have to move out soon.

表示时间或地点的过渡关系

表示时间或地点的过渡关系的从属连词包括:where, everywhere, after, until, as soon as, before

Example
Don't forget to clean your room as soon as you get home.
Example
This is the place where I grew up.

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关联连词

关联连词是成对使用的单词,用来连接一个句子中的两个部分或使其彼此关联。最常用的关联连词包括:either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also

在使用关联连词时,它们之间通常无需用逗号隔开。

错误
I will either have a sandwich, or salad for lunch.
正确
I will either have a sandwich or salad for lunch.
错误
Neither the boy, nor his brother want to help their mother.
正确
Neither the boy nor his brother want to help their mother.

但是,当关联连词(例如“not only/but also”)用于分隔两个独立分句时,连词前面应加逗号。

错误
Not only did she start playing the piano at a very young age but her mother also taught her to compose music.
正确
Not only did she start playing the piano at a very young age, but her mother also taught her to compose music.

以连词开头写句子

人们常说以连词开头写句子在语法上不正确。然而事实并非如此。虽然不建议在太多的句子开头使用连词(尤其在学术写作中),但适度使用是完全没有问题的,而且有些时候必须用连词开头写句子。

Example
She wanted to go home. But he did not want to.
Example
Although I do not like the restaurant, I will go if you want me to.
Example
Either this dress or that pair of pants is fine.

连词和逗号的联用规则

无论何种类型的连词,连词与逗号联用的规则都非常简单,即使用连词连接两个独立分句时,连词前面应该使用逗号。

Example
The professor explained the assignment in detail, but the students did not seem to understand it.
Example
The weather is nice, but I don't think we should go on the picnic.

但是,当用连词连接一个独立分句和一个从属分句时,连词前面不应该使用逗号。

错误
The professor explained the assignment in detail, and gave out the workbook.
正确
The professor explained the assignment in detail and gave out the workbook.
错误
The weather is nice, but a little bit chilly.
正确
The weather is nice but a little bit chilly.

需要注意的是,使用逗号连接两个独立分句也有例外,即如用连词连接的两个独立分句都很短,则可以省略连词前面的逗号。

错误
I cooked, and he cleaned.
正确
I cooked and he cleaned.

在主句前的介绍性从句、短语或单词后面要用逗号。用于这些从句或短语的连词通常包括:after, although, as, if since, when, while。

Example
While I do my homework, you go do the dishes.
Example
If you do not want to go to the party, you can stay home.